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BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, i.e. Mad Cow Disease) is in the US. There are many different kinds. Today the US has stopped feeding cows to cows (or so they say), its legal and standard procedure to feed cows to chickens, chickens to pigs, and pigs to cows. It’s extremely common and makes a lot of sense. It’s cheap and easy (after all, who wants to pay the additional million dollars to feed their chickens the proper food, when you can get some other feed for practically nothing from Bob’s cattle ranch down the road? It’s legal, convenient, and that’s an extra million in the pocket!).

So, while this is going on, Alzheimer’s disease has more than doubled since the 1980’s, from then to today. The statistics are ridiculous and worth checking out (http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/statistics.asp). And oddly enough, it has the EXACT same processes of breaking down the brain that the Mad Cow Disease has. Well, let’s compare the two:

“Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia, a group of conditions that all gradually destroy brain cells and lead to progressive decline in mental function.”

“Alzheimer’s disease advances at widely different rates. The duration of the illness may often vary from 3 to 20 years. The areas of the brain that control memory and thinking skills are affected first, but as the disease progresses, cells die in other regions of the brain. Eventually, the person with Alzheimer’s will need complete care. If the individual has no other serious illness, the loss of brain function itself will cause death.”

“Experience significant personality changes and behavioral symptoms, including suspiciousness and delusions (for example, believing that their caregiver is an impostor); hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not really there); or compulsive, repetitive behaviors such as hand-wringing or tissue shredding.”
http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/WhatIsAD.asp


“Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, CJD (pronounced "KROYTS-felt YAK-ob"), is often referred to as the "human form of BSE." It has a long incubation period, up to 30 years, and CJD also degenerates vital parts of the brain. Symptoms include dementia, weakened muscles and loss of balance. Autopsies of human brains show the same spongy appearance as cow and sheep brains affected by BSE and scrapie. CJD is always fatal.”

“Symptoms include an excitable or nervous temperament to external stimuli such as touch to the skin, a progressive unsteadiness of gait resulting eventually in the inability to stand up. The disease is virtually 100% fatal.

The human equivalent of Mad Cow Disease, Cruetzfeldt-Jakob Disease, causes memory loss, emotional instability including inappropriate outbursts, an unsteady gait, progressing to marked weakness, severe rapidly progressive dementia and death, often within a year of the onset of symptoms.”
“…which lead to the microscopic appearance of "holes" in the brain, degeneration of physical and mental abilities and ultimately death.”
http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/madcow/science.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy

Call me paranoid, but I’m concerned. The life span of an average cow on factory farms is 5 years. It takes AT LEAST 3 years for any detection of BSE to show up in their system.

“The figures given above for BSE are certainly too low, and most likely by a considerable amount. The tests used for detecting BSE vary considerably as do the regulations in various jurisdictions for when, and which cattle, must be tested. For instance, in the EU the cattle tested are older (30 months+), while many cattle are slaughtered earlier than that. At the opposite end of the scale, Japan tests all cattle at the time of slaughter. Tests are also difficult as the altered prion protein has very small levels in blood or urine, and no other signal has been found. Newer tests are faster, more sensitive, and cheaper, so it is possible that future figures may be more comprehensive. Even so, currently the only reliable test is examination of tissues during an autopsy.”

“However, the byproducts of ruminants can still be legally fed to pets or other livestock and poultry such as pigs and chickens. In addition, it is legal for ruminants to be fed byproducts from some of these animals.”

Here’s the rest of the article f.y.i.:
“Unlike other kinds of infectious disease which are spread by microbes, the infectious agent in BSE is a specific type of protein. Misshapen ("misfolded") prion proteins carry the disease between individuals and cause deterioration of the brain. BSE is a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). TSEs can arise in animals that carry a rare mutant prion allele, which expresses prions that contort by themselves into the disease-causing shape. Most TSEs, however, occur sporadically in animals that do not have a prion protein mutation. Transmission can occur when healthy animals consume tainted tissues from others with the disease. In the brain these proteins cause native cellular prion protein to deform into the infectious state which then goes on to deform further prion protein in an exponential cascade. These aggregate to form dense plaque fibers, which lead to the microscopic appearance of "holes" in the brain, degeneration of physical and mental abilities and ultimately death.”
“Soybean meal is cheap and plentiful in the United States. As a result, the use of animal byproduct feeds was never common, as it was in Europe. However, U.S. regulations only partially prohibit the use of animal byproducts in feed. In 1997, regulations prohibited the feeding of mammalian byproducts to ruminants such as cows and goats. However, the byproducts of ruminants can still be legally fed to pets or other livestock and poultry such as pigs and chickens. In addition, it is legal for ruminants to be fed byproducts from some of these animals. [8] A proposal to end the use of cow blood, restaurant scraps, and chicken litter (fecal matter, feathers) in January 2004 was eventually scrapped, despite the efforts of some advocates of such a policy, who cite the fact that cows are herbivores, and that blood and fecal matter could potentially carry BSE.
In February 2001, the USGAO reported that the FDA, which is responsible for regulating feed, had not adequately policed the various bans. [9] Compliance with the regulations was shown to be extremely poor before the discovery of the Washington cow, but industry representatives report that compliance is now 100%. Even so, critics call the partial prohibitions insufficient. Indeed, US meat producer Creekstone Farms alleges that the USDA is preventing BSE testing from being conducted.”
The figures given above for BSE are certainly too low, and most likely by a considerable amount. The tests used for detecting BSE vary considerably as do the regulations in various jurisdictions for when, and which cattle, must be tested. For instance, in the EU the cattle tested are older (30 months+), while many cattle are slaughtered earlier than that. At the opposite end of the scale, Japan tests all cattle at the time of slaughter. Tests are also difficult as the altered prion protein has very small levels in blood or urine, and no other signal has been found. Newer tests are faster, more sensitive, and cheaper, so it is possible that future figures may be more comprehensive. Even so, currently the only reliable test is examination of tissues during an autopsy.
It is noticeable that there are no cases reported in Australia and New Zealand where cattle are mainly fed outside on grass pasture and, mainly in Australia, non-grass feeding is done only as a final finishing process before the animals are processed for meat.
As for vCJD in humans, autopsy tests are not always done and so those figures too are likely to be too low, but probably by a lesser fraction. In the UK anyone with possible vCJD symptoms must be reported to the UK Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit and so it is unlikely that any cases would be missed. In the U.S., the CDC has refused to impose a national requirement that physicians and hospitals report cases of the disease. Instead, the agency relies on other methods, including death certificates and urging physicians to send suspicious cases to the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC) at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, which is funded by the CDC.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy
 
Posts: 157 | Registered: 12-21-05Reply With QuoteEdit or Delete MessageReport This Post
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“IN A surprise move, the US has postponed long-awaited plans to ban material from animal feed that might be infected with BSE. It is the second time the US has backed away from tougher feed restrictions this year, and new rules are unlikely before the presidential election in November.
In January the US Food and Drug Administration announced that it would ban cattle blood and other potentially infected material from cattle feed, but postponed the move after an international scientific panel recommended more stringent measures. Now the FDA is considering banning all meat meal except fish from cattle feed and banning cattle brain and other high-risk "SRM" tissues, and sick or "downer" cattle, from chicken and pig feed, because these could contaminate cattle feed.
But instead of implementing these measures as expected, the FDA announced on 9 July that it would wait, asking for "comments and scientific information" on the proposals, all of which are watered-down versions of the measures Europe needed to control BSE. "The FDA does not need another round of comments," Jean Halloran of the US Consumer's Union claimed. "They know what needs to be done." But the American Meat Institute, an industry group, greeted the news by repeating its opposition to banning SRM from feed.”
http://www.newscientist.com/channel/health/bse/mg18324560.800
Eek
 
Posts: 157 | Registered: 12-21-05Reply With QuoteEdit or Delete MessageReport This Post
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This is what my Dr. says

Mad Cow Disease is the common term for Bovine Spongiform Encepholopathy (BSE), a progressive neurological disorder of cattle which can be transmitted to other species, including humans. In humans, it is called Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, after the two doctors who first described the symptoms of the disease.

The disease in cattle is called Bovine Spongiform Encepholopathy because this form of the disease occurs in cows (therefore, the term bovine), it causes a sponge-like destruction of the brain (therefore, the term spongiform encepholopathy - enceph means brain and pathy means pathology - meaning an abnormality).


What is the cause of Mad Cow disease?
Currently the most accepted theory is that the causative agent is a modified form of a normal cell surface protein called a prion (pronounced PREE-ON) protein.

Where did Prions come from? Are they a type of virus or bacteria? What are they?

A prion is neither a virus nor a bacteria. Prions are proteins that contain no DNA or RNA, two substances previously felt to be essential for reproduction of a living tissue.

Prions are normal constituents of the body when in their normal form or conformation, but they can become twisted in a conformational change ( a change in shape - in the way the molecule is folded), and then they are thought to cause disease.


How long ago were Prions discovered?
In 1997, Stanley Prusiner, M.D., a professor of neurology at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of prions, "tiny protein molecules that seem to cause a variety of slow acting - and inevitably fatal - diseases in animals and humans; the name is an acronym for "proteinaceous infectious particles."

But the diseases found in association with these tiny protein molecules have been known for over 50 years. In fact, the prion, as it has been named by Dr. Prusiner, may well have been discovered over 150 years ago, and re-discovered, every 25-50 years since then, by different scientists who gave the molecule different names.

Prions exist, but it is extremely doubtful that the Prion is the "CAUSE" of ANY disease. Prions are much more likely to be the "RESULT" of a sick and dying body. Prions are most probably a RESPONSE to the illness that was actually CAUSED by a grossly improper diet and other unhealthy lifestyle factors. "Factory farming" of animals, with the massive use of hormones, pesticides and other harmful substances destroy the animal's immune system. When these diseased animals are eaten by people, then the people get sick and die.

When the animal's immune system is suppressed because of a violation of the immutable natural health laws that govern the health of both animals and man, then the body produces the agent necessary to clean out the mess of dead and dying tissue resulting from the violation of these health laws.

You see, these supposed "infective agents" such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and now Prions, are NOT the CAUSE of the diseases, they are the RESULT of a diseased body caused by the wrong diet and lifestyle. These bacteria, viruses, fungi and prions are actually the "clean-up crew", formed by the body, to get rid of the mess and clean out the body.

When there is dead and dying tissue in the body, caused by an improper diet and lifestyle, the "clean-up crew is called in to get rid of the problem. The body can produce its own "cleansing" agents (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and prions) when the need arises. Or these agents can be transmitted from others, or, as in the case of Mad Cow Disease, by humans ingesting prions by eating the flesh of the cow or other infected animal. When these agents start cleaning out the toxins in the body, the toxins are dumped into the blood stream to be filtered and eliminated from the body. These toxins then cause symptoms which the doctor diagnoses as "disease" and the doctor then NAMES the disease according to the symptoms it produces.

The medical and pharmaceutical establishment then tries to produce a DRUG to STOP the cleansing process, in order to STOP the patient's uncomfortable symptoms. But the drug NEVER cures the "disease" - it just stops the cleansing process so the patient's body remains sick and filled the toxins, even though the patient may feel somewhat better - at least for a time.

If a person's immune system is healthy because he has been eating and living properly, he has no need to produce these cleansing agents and will not be susceptible to them. But if his body contains dead and dying cells and tissue from an improper diet and lifestyle, then these agents have a field day. As they "clean out" the "garbage" in the body, the effect can be so severe, that the patient actually dies.

So these tiny infective agents can either be produced by the body itself, or transmitted or ingested into the body from the outside.

In the 1800's, Antoine Bechamp, a French physician and professor of biochemistry at a prestigious University medical school in France discovered a tiny particle that he named microzymas. He found that these tiny bodies could change from one shape or form into another shape or form, depending on the condition of the person's immune system.

About 70 years ago, an extraordinary scientist-inventor, Royal Rife, built possibly the world's greatest microscope and observed what Bechamp had discovered, that these tiny bodies could change shape and form. A bacteria could actually become a virus or a fungus, due to a conformational change.

In the last 40 years, Dr. Virgina Livingston, a physician, a professor at Rutgers University and an outstanding cancer researcher, discovered these same tiny bodies.

More recently, Gaston Naessens, a brilliant chemist and physicist now living and working in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built a super specialized microscope for studying these tiny living organisms, which he named somatids. Over years of careful microscopic observation and laboratory experimentation, Naessens went on to discover that if and when the immune system of an animal or human being becomes weakened or destabilized (by violating the 10 natural laws of health), the normal three-stage cycle of the somatid goes through thirteen additional successive growth stages, each form evolving into the next by conformational changes.
How can Prions be discovered?
They CAN'T!

The English government destroyed over 4.5 million cattle and incinerated them at a temperature of 1100 degrees centigrade. The resulting ash is still considered infectious and is stored in WW ll blimp hangers.

Mad Cow disease can be passed from the mother to the fetus in the womb.

It can be passed from a bull to the cow through sperm.

It can be passed from one species to another quite freely by transfusion of contaminated blood or consumption of infected material.

BSE is extremely resistant to high temperatures; it is unaffected by radiation, laboratory solvents and bleaches.

In other words, it appears to be virtually indestructible.
How long is the incubation period for "Mad Cow" Disease in humans (also called CJD)?

It is estimated that it may be as long as 20-40 years. But teen-agers and young children have also died of it. So it can occur much more rapidly than previously thought.

An infected cow shows the symptoms of BSE four to seven years after the time of infection.
How are the government and the cattle industry trying to "muzzle" truth-tellers about the risks of Mad Cow Disease to the population of America?

Certain states, including Texas, have passed Food Disparagement Acts. Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado and North Dakota corporate growers of vegetables and fruits have won passage of laws making it a crime to falsely denigrate fruits and vegetables.

Then the corporate farming industry in conjunction with the government, conspire to cover-up, distort and withhold the facts from the public. So a whistle-blower who is telling the truth, trying to warn the public, is a "sitting duck" for a law suit.

The cattle industry sued Oprah Winfrey and her guest, Cattle Rancher Howard Lyman, because they told the truth about the cover-up of Mad Cow Disease. Even though Oprah Winfrey and Howard Lyman won the court action, the cattle industry wanted to send a strong message of intimidation to anyone else who might even think about speaking truth. Fortunately, in the U.S., Truth Telling is still a legitimate defense, at least for the time being.

What other products or procedures are potentially dangerous?

Vaccines, cosmetics, human growth hormone, thyroid hormone, albumin ( a blood product given in hospitals), blood transfusions, vitamin and mineral supplements, gelatin in thousands of processed foods, corneal transplants, surgical instruments, estrogen, progesterone, cortisone, heparin, Vitamin B12, insulin, gelatin in pill capsules, yogurt, ice cream, butter, chewing gum, lard, margarine, shortening, egg substitutes, gravy mixes, cake mixes, whitener in refined sugar (it's from bones), gelatin desserts, marshmallows, mayonnaise, sausages and sausage casings, medicines, pet foods, and many other products.
What is the government doing to stop this dangerous feeding practice?

They're approaching it the same way they have handled the AIDS epidemic: They LIE!

1. First, they deny that there is ANY problem.

2. When the evidence becomes overwhelming that there is a BIG problem, they admit that there "might" be a problem, but they say they're not sure, they are studying it and if there is a problem, it's not a serious problem and there is no reason for alarm. Keep eating what you're eating, they advise.

3. When people start catching on that there really is a problem, the government will admit that at first they weren't as vigilant as they should of been, but the people who were then responsible for investigating the problem are no longer with the government (blame those guys - they're gone) and now the problem is "under control." And there is no cause for alarm. Keep eating the stuff, they advise you.

4. A number of years later they say, "Oh, we've found out that there really has been a pretty big problem all along, but NOW we've got it under control. So there is NO cause for alarm." Keep eating the stuff, they advise you.

5 Then a year or two later they admit that it's in ALL the different breeds of animals, but it's "low risk" and you probably won't get it so NO cause for alarm." Keep eating the stuff, they advise you.

6. When the problem continues to grow, they start dividing the Prion diseases into different categories so no one specific category has too many people in it.

7. When the problem becomes outrageous, they admit there's a small, but controllable problem, and then they start covering up the true statistics - the REAL number of people who have the disease or who have already died from the disease.
What is the evidence for a cover-up in Mad Cow Disease?

1. As of Jan 6, 2001, the Centers for Disease Control, a government Public Health organization, published on their web site: "BSE has not been shown to exist in the United States." "According to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services of the United States Dapartment of Agriculture, BSE has NOT been detected in the United States, despite active surveillance efforts for several years." However, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) DOES NOT actively monitor the disease!

The REAL truth is: "A year before BSE was even reported in Britain in 1985, Richard Marsh, Chairman of the Department of Veterinary Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was alerting dairy practitioners of the possibility that a "previously unrecognized scrapie-like disease in cattle" existed in the United States. The clue came in 1981 when "Mad Mink Disease" wiped out a population of minks in Wisconsin who hadn't eaten any sheep at all. The meat portion of their diet consisted almost exclusively of dairy cattle called "Downers," an industry term describing cows which collapse for unknown reasons and are too sick to stand up.

BUT - the beef industry claims that "Downer Cows" DO NOT have Mad Cow Disease! YET - when these Downer Cows were ground up and fed to mink - the mink DEVELOPED "Mad Mink Disease!"

In June 1992, a USDA consultant group decided that changes in the research program to accommodate the possibiity that BSE was already present in the U.S. were, "not appropriate at this time." The panel that made this decision included representatives of the National Milk Producers Federation, the National Renderers Association, the American Sheep Industry Association and the National Cattlemen's Association.

(By the way, Beef is the largest revenue source for American agriculture nationwide. It is a $150 billion dollar industry. Since the FDA protects the pharmaceutical industry, the very industry that it's supposed to police, why wouldn't the USDA (U.S. Dept of Agriculture) protect the Beef and Sheep Industry, even though the USDA is supposed to CONTROL it?)

According to the USDA, "virtually all U.S. feed manufacturers use meat and bone meal in their feeds" and most U.S. cattle are fed such rendered animal tissues. In 1989 alone the U.S. rendered two million tons of cattle for use primarily in animal feed and pet food. There has been a substantial increase in the use of animal protein in commercial dairy feed since 1987.

Dr. Gibbs, who recently chaired a World Health Organization investigation into the disease says "Do I believe BSE is here in the U.S., of course I do," Gibbs made this admission at a University of Wisconsin symposium.

With more than two decades of prion research behind him, Dr. Stanely Prusiner, the scientist who coined the term "prion" and received the Nobel Prize for his work, agrees that Mad Cow Disease MUST be present in the U.S."

In late 1978, Dr. Masuo Doi, a veterinarian with the Food Safety and Quality Service, studied a disorder in some young hogs that had arrived at a Packing Plant in Albany, N.Y. from several Midwestern states. The USDA's pathologist reported that the damage in the pig's brain was similar to the damage observed in the brains of sheep afflicted with scrapie, essentially the same disease as Mad Cow Disease (BSE) in cows.

Finally, the FDA drafted a rule that would ban the fortifying of animal feeds with "any Mammalian tissue." However, the FDA has played a taxonomical shell game by ARBITRARILY REMOVING PIGS FROM THE CLASS OF "MAMMALIA." They declared that a pig is NOT a mammal!

A single teaspoon of ingested high infectivity meat and bone meal is thought to be enough to cause BSE in a cow.

"One hundred thousand cows per year in the United States are fine at night, but dead in the morning. The majority of those cows are rounded up, ground up, fed back to other cows. If only one of them has Mad Cow disease, it has the potential to infect thousands." says Howard Lyman, Cattle Rancher for 40 years.

Mad Cow Risks were First Reported in the United States in 1976!!

"Health experts...knew of the potential dangers of contaminated human growth hormone years before the first Creutzfeldt-Jakob death occurred and experimental programs halted, British court documents reveal. Correspondence dating from the mid- '70s presented to a British judicial inquiry reveal a paper trail betwen the United States National Institutes of Health and the British Government indicating the infectiousness was foreseen," the Los Angeles Times reports.

"Moreover, a safer method for purifying human growth hormone drugs had long been available, but scientists involved in the experiments had ignored it in favor of a cheaper, less labor-intensive option."

In 1989 alone almost 800 million pounds of processed animals were fed to beef and dairy cattle in the U.S.. The USDA has conceded that "the potential risk of amplification of the BSE agent is much greater in the United States" than in Britain.

In 1995 five million tons of processed slaughterhouse leftovers were sold for animal feed in the United States.

Rendering is a $2.4 billion-a-year industry. "There is simply no such thing in America as an animal too ravaged by disease, too cancerous, or too putrid to be welcomed by the embracing arms of the renderer. In addition to diseased farm animals, the city of Los Angeles sends some two hundred tons of euthanized cats and dogs to a rendering plant every month. Added to the blend are the euthanized catch of animal control agencies and roadkill " according to Howard Lyman, a cattle rancher for 40 years. This is the food fed to the animals that YOU EAT!

In the U.S. the rendering industry promised to stop feeding sheep brains to cows years ago; the FDA confirmed that this ban failed.

Unfortunately just about everybody lies. "British government officials misled the public for years over the dangers of British beef and the risk of "mad cow" (BSE) disease spreading to humans," according to Reuters wire service.

"UK Physicians Told Not to Tell Hemophilia Patients of Possible CJD Blood Concerns."

"Mad Cow - BSE- CJD Now Likely to Be a Global Infection" according to New Scientist journal.

BSE has infected a dozen species of animals which presumably ate infected tissue.
http://www.drday.com/madcow.htm
 
Posts: 157 | Registered: 12-21-05Reply With QuoteEdit or Delete MessageReport This Post
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From the Alzheimer's Association

Experts have documented common patterns of symptom progression that occur in many individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and developed several methods of “staging” based on these patterns. Progression of symptoms corresponds in a general way to the underlying nerve cell degeneration that takes place in Alzheimer’s disease. Nerve cell damage typically begins with cells involved in learning and memory and gradually spreads to cells that control every aspect of thinking, judgment, and behavior. The damage eventually affects cells that control and coordinate movement.
Staging systems provide useful frames of reference for understanding how the disease may unfold and for making future plans. But it is important to note that all stages are artificial benchmarks in a continuous process that can vary greatly from one person to another. Not everyone will experience every symptom and symptoms may occur at different times in different individuals. People with Alzheimer’s live an average of 8 years after diagnosis, but may survive anywhere from 3 to 20 years.
The framework for this section is a system that outlines key symptoms characterizing seven stages ranging from unimpaired function to very severe cognitive decline. This framework is based on a system developed by Barry Reisberg, M.D., Clinical Director of the New York University School of Medicine’s Silberstein Aging and Dementia Research Center.
Within this framework, we have noted which stages correspond to the widely used concepts of mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe Alzheimer’s disease. We have also noted which stages fall within the more general divisions of early-stage, mid-stage, and late-stage categories.
Stage 1: No impairment (normal function)
Unimpaired individuals experience no memory problems and none are evident to a health care professional during a medical interview.
Back to top

Stage 2: Very mild cognitive decline (may be normal age-related changes or earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease)
Individuals may feel as if they have memory lapses, especially in forgetting familiar words or names or the location of keys, eyeglasses or other everyday objects. But these problems are not evident during a medical examination or apparent to friends, family or co-workers.
Back to top

Stage 3: Mild cognitive decline
Early-stage Alzheimer's can be diagnosed in some, but not all, individuals with these symptoms
Friends, family or co-workers begin to notice deficiencies. Problems with memory or concentration may be measurable in clinical testing or discernible during a detailed medical interview. Common difficulties include:
• Word- or name-finding problems noticeable to family or close associates
• Decreased ability to remember names when introduced to new people
• Performance issues in social or work settings noticeable to family, friends or co-workers
• Reading a passage and retaining little material
• Losing or misplacing a valuable object
• Decline in ability to plan or organize
Back to top

Stage 4: Moderate cognitive decline
(Mild or early-stage Alzheimer's disease)
At this stage, a careful medical interview detects clear-cut deficiencies in the following areas:
• Decreased knowledge of recent occasions or current events
• Impaired ability to perform challenging mental arithmetic-for example, to count backward from 100 by 7s
• Decreased capacity to perform complex tasks, such as marketing, planning dinner for guests or paying bills and managing finances
• Reduced memory of personal history
• The affected individual may seem subdued and withdrawn, especially in socially or mentally challenging situations
Back to top

Stage 5: Moderately severe cognitive decline
(Moderate or mid-stage Alzheimer's disease)
Major gaps in memory and deficits in cognitive function emerge. Some assistance with day-to-day activities becomes essential. At this stage, individuals may:
• Be unable during a medical interview to recall such important details as their current address, their telephone number or the name of the college or high school from which they graduated
• Become confused about where they are or about the date, day of the week, or season
• Have trouble with less challenging mental arithmetic; for example, counting backward from 40 by 4s or from 20 by 2s
• Need help choosing proper clothing for the season or the occasion
• Usually retain substantial knowledge about themselves and know their own name and the names of their spouse or children
• Usually require no assistance with eating or using the toilet
Back to top

Stage 6: Severe cognitive decline
(Moderately severe or mid-stage Alzheimer's disease)
Memory difficulties continue to worsen, significant personality changes may emerge and affected individuals need extensive help with customary daily activities. At this stage, individuals may:
• Lose most awareness of recent experiences and events as well as of their surroundings
• Recollect their personal history imperfectly, although they generally recall their own name
• Occasionally forget the name of their spouse or primary caregiver but generally can distinguish familiar from unfamiliar faces
• Need help getting dressed properly; without supervision, may make such errors as putting pajamas over daytime clothes or shoes on wrong feet
• Experience disruption of their normal sleep/waking cycle
• Need help with handling details of toileting (flushing toilet, wiping and disposing of tissue properly)
• Have increasing episodes of urinary or fecal incontinence
• Experience significant personality changes and behavioral symptoms, including suspiciousness and delusions (for example, believing that their caregiver is an impostor); hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not really there); or compulsive, repetitive behaviors such as hand-wringing or tissue shredding
• Tend to wander and become lost
Back to top

Stage 7: Very severe cognitive decline
(Severe or late-stage Alzheimer's disease)
This is the final stage of the disease when individuals lose the ability to respond to their environment, the ability to speak and, ultimately, the ability to control movement.
• Frequently individuals lose their capacity for recognizable speech, although words or phrases may occasionally be uttered
• Individuals need help with eating and toileting and there is general incontinence of urine
• Individuals lose the ability to walk without assistance, then the ability to sit without support, the ability to smile, and the ability to hold their head up. Reflexes become abnormal and muscles grow rigid. Swallowing is impaired.
 
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