Vacuum balloons have been discussed before making them strong enough to survive atmospheric pressure (15 psi)would make them too heavy to float.

How small would you have to make them to be feasible, buckyball size or larger?
Would filling a regular balloon with these tiny vacuum balloons enable larger payloads?

It wouldn't help at all; making the balloons smaller just increases the ratio of the mass to displaced volume rendering them even heavier with no net lift. No matter how many you pile up, you still get ZERO lift.

Smaller things for example ants can support more weight relative to their size than larger ones. Smaller particles are carried on the wind like pollen because they are so light weight. Would a smaller vacuum balloon be more capable of resisting atmospheric pressure reducing the ratio of mass to displaced volume?

I can see were they could be to small to have the proper ratio.

While the smaller sphere might resist pressure better, the problem is that the area of the sphere decreases as a square function ( and thus the weight of the balloon) while the volume decreases as a cube function. The buoyancy of the sphere in air would decrease much faster than the weight of the sphere Thus making it less and less effective as it got smaller. Find an online sphere calculator and run some numbers; it's obvious.

The weight of the hollow sphere would decrease at the same rate as the volume if kept proportional; density is determined by volume. I would think that you could reduce the rate of weight loss faster than than the reduction in volume to before the point of failure?

There is only so much you can reduce the thickness of the balloon. Don't forget that the balloon has to remain air tight and still resist 14.7 psi.

I mentioned that in my oppening statement.

Assuming that reducing the size would actually allow you to reduce the thickness of the vacuum balloon skin the second obstacle would be how to make them that small. The size I am thinking about would need to be made in a vacuum and require some nanotechnology.

I thought I placed a buckyball link in my first post. Molecules are mostly empty space. Could you construct a large enough Icosahedral Fullerene type molecule with a vacuum inside of it?